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The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, ''Orden Lenina''), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to: *Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State, *Members of the armed forces for exemplary service, *Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace *Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service. Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union" and "Hero of Socialist Labour" were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units and ships. Corporate entities, factories, various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied the full name of the order into their official titles. The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. ==Design== The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov. It was made by Goznak of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle" emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" ((ロシア語:СССР)) in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted. It was awarded between 1930-1932.〔McDaniel & Schmitt, ''The Comprehensive Guide to Soviet Orders and Medals''.〕 The second design was awarded from 1934 until 1936. This was a solid gold badge, featuring an enamelled disc bearing Lenin's portrait . The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat, and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script ((ロシア語:ЛЕНИН)). A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel. The third design was awarded from 1936–43 The fourth design was awarded from 1943 until the end of the USSR. The badge was originally worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. File:Order of Lenin type1.jpg|Order of Lenin type 1 File:Order of Lenin type2.jpg|Order of Lenin type 2 File:Order of Lenin type3.jpg|Order of Lenin type 3 File:Order of Lenin type4.jpg|Order of Lenin type 4 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of Lenin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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